第八章 黑胡子(一七一七年五~十二月)(第12/14页)
国王颁布大赦令
波士托克还提供了另一则消息,一则让海盗世界天翻地覆的消息:乔治一世据信已颁布了大赦令(Act of Grace),海盗只要自首,所有人将获得赦免。实际公告尚未抵达背风群岛当局手中,但十一个星期前的《伦敦公报》(London Gazette)已刊出这则消息,也有水手在英格兰看过这道命令了。波士托克告诉海盗,大赦令会随时抵达。他后来描述海盗听到这则消息时,“似乎不是很在乎”。然而,毋庸置疑,这则消息仍会引发波澜。黑胡子船队近四百人中的每一个人,原本都以为自己已踏上犯罪与叛乱的不归路,却发现还有第二次机会。每个人一定都想过不再干海盗、带着不义之财退休,包括黑胡子在内。
不确定黑胡子手下的海盗是否讨论过这则消息,因为他们的争论内容并没有留下历史记录。其实,波士托克是近三个月最后一个看过黑胡子的英格兰人。黑胡子让波士托克离开后,海盗们更深入法国与西班牙领地,“士嘉堡”号与“锡福德”号的船长渐渐搜集不到情报。他们收到的最后一批报告显示,海盗在波多黎各与伊斯帕尼奥拉之间的莫纳岛(Mona Island),接着出现在萨曼纳湾附近,其后黑胡子就从英格兰记录中消失了,进入没有人知道他名字的西班牙世界。[50]
[1] “Piscataqua Dispatch,July 19,” Boston News-Letter,22 July 1717,p. 2.
[2] “New York Dispatch,July 29,” Boston News-Letter,5 August 1717,p. 2;这似乎是《海盗通史》(GHP:Charles Johnson,A General History of the Pyrates,ed. Manuel Schonhorn,Columbia,SC:University of South Carolina Press,1972,p.71)较简略描述的资料来源。
[3] “Philadelphia Dispatch,June 20,” Boston News-Letter,1 July 1717,p. 2;“New York Dispatch,June 17,” Boston News-Letter,24 June 1717,p. 2;“New York Dispatch,June 3,” Boston News-Letter,9 June 1717,p. 2.
[4] St. Michael’s Parish:v. 1A-2A baptisms,burials 1648-1739,Barbados Parochial Registers,Series A,1637-1680,Microfilm,Salt Lake City,Utah:Genealogical Society of Utah,1978,Batch M513951,Source 1157923;Joanne McRee Sanders,Barbados Records:Wills and Administrations,Volume I:1639-1680,Marceline,WI:Sanders Historical Publications,1979,pp. 37-38;Lindley S. Butler,Pirates,Privateers & Rebel Raiders of the Carolina Coast,Chapel Hill,NC,University of North Carolina Press,2000,pp. 54-55.
[5] Richard Ford,A New Map of the Island of Barbados,Map,1674 as detailed in Richard S Dunn,Sugar and Slaves:The Rise of the Planter Class in the English West Indies,1624-1713,Chapel Hill,NC:University of North Carolina Press,1972,p. 94.
[6] GHP:Charles Johnson,A General History of the Pyrates,ed. Manuel Schonhorn,Columbia,SC:University of South Carolina Press,1972,p. 95;John Camden Hotten,ed. The Original Lists of Persons of Quality,New York:G. A. Baker & Co,1931,p. 451.
[7] GHP:Charles Johnson,A General History of the Pyrates,ed. Manuel Schonhorn,Columbia,SC:University of South Carolina Press,1972,p. 104.
[8] Carl Bridenbaugh,Cities in the Wilderness:The First Century of Urban Life in America 1625-1742,New York:Alfred A. Knopf,1955,p. 150n.
[9] John Lawson,A New Voyage to Carolina,originally published 1709,Chapel Hill,NC:University of North Carolina,1967,pp. 13-14;Carl Bridenbaugh,Cities in the Wilderness:The First Century of Urban Life in America 1625-1742,New York:Alfred A. Knopf,1955,pp. 143,150-151;J. A. Doyle,English Colonies in America,Volume V:The Colonies Under the House of Hanover,New York:Henry Holt & Co.,1907,pp. 46-48.
[10] J. A. Doyle,English Colonies in America,Volume V:The Colonies Under the House of Hanover,New York:Henry Holt & Co.,1907,pp. 46,48.
[11] “By letters from South Carolina,22 September,” Boston News-Letter,28 October 1717,p. 2;GHP:Charles Johnson,A General History of the Pyrates,ed. Manuel Schonhorn,Columbia,SC:University of South Carolina Press,1972,p. 96.
[12] GHP:Charles Johnson,A General History of the Pyrates,ed. Manuel Schonhorn,Columbia,SC:University of South Carolina Press,1972,p. 96.
[13] “Philadelphia Dispatch,October 24,” Boston News-Letter,11 November 1717,p. 2.
[14] CO23/1:Colonial Office Records:Bahamas Correspondence,1717-1725,National Archives,Kew,UK.:Trial of William Howell,Bahamas Council Minutes,Nassau:22 December 1721.
[15] GHP:Charles Johnson,A General History of the Pyrates