第三章 海上大战(一七○二~一七一二年)(第12/15页)
暴风雨大约在晚上八点时到来,那是“一场有闪电、有风、有雨、没有雷声的强烈飓风”,吹倒树木,夷平房屋仓库,弄翻糖场,摧毁整片甘蔗田。房子、医院和金斯敦主教堂半崩塌时,几个待在岸上的人丢了性命,但最大的惨剧发生在外头的港口。至少有五十四艘船沉没、翻覆或被吹上岸,包括单桅战舰“牙买加”号(HMS Jamaica)和奴隶船“约瑟夫战舰”号(Joseph Galley)。后者的全部船员和被锁在船上的一百零七名奴隶,全数丧命。怀尔船长的奴隶船“安战舰”号(Ann Galley)被暴风雨弄沉时,他人在陆地上,船上一百名奴隶及二十八名船员溺死了一半。普林斯失去了由他指挥的双桅帆船“冒险”号(Adventure),詹宁斯也一样,不过他们两个并没有损失任何人员。隔天早上出太阳时,海滩与盐沼上布满断桅船只,以及数十具尸体。除了奴隶外,约有四百名船员丧命。[75]
接下来几个星期,詹宁斯、范恩、蒂奇及其他船员清点损失时,一艘船带着戏剧性的欧洲消息抵达:安妮女王已经宣布和法国、西班牙停战。[76]战争结束了,那意味着由私掠者源源不绝带进牙买加的财富与劫掠品也将终结。牙买加商船队大多四分五裂地搁浅在岸边,数百名船员失去工作,他们必须想办法在金斯敦的废墟中养活自己。讽刺的是,日后的另一场飓风,将带给他们只有战时私掠船才敢梦想得到的巨大财富。
[1] A. B. C.Whipple,Fighting Sail,Alexandria,VA:Time-Life Books,1978,pp. 12-15.
[2] R.D.Merriman,Queen Anne’s Navy,London:Navy Records Society,1961,p. 365.
[3] A. B. C.Whipple,Fighting Sail,Alexandria,VA:Time-Life Books,1978,pp. 146-165.
[4] N. A. M. Rodger,The Command of the Ocean:A Naval History of Britain 1649-1815,London:W.W. Norton,2004,pp. 166-174.
[5] R.D.Merriman,Queen Anne’s Navy,London:Navy Records Society,1961,p. 338;“Letter from the Masters of six merchant vessels to the Victualling Board of the Royal Navy,” Dover,30 December 1704,reproduced in R.D.Merriman,Queen Anne’s Navy,London:Navy Records Society,1961,pp. 341-342;Julian Hoppit,A Land of Liberty:England 1689-1727,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2002,p. 112;G. N. Clark,“War Trade and Trade War,” Economic History Review,Vol. 1 No. 2 (January 1928),p. 263.
[6] John Taylor (1688) as quoted in Allan D.Meyers,“Ethnic Distinctions and Wealth among Colonial Jamaican Merchants,1685-1716,Social Science History,Vol. 22 (1),Spring,1998,p. 54.
[7] David Cordingly,Under the Black Flag,New York:Harcourt,1997,pp. 141-142.
[8] A New History of Jamaica,London:J.Hodges,1740,pp. 270-272.
[9] Edward Ward,A Collection of the Writings of Mr. Edward Ward,Vol. II,fifth ed.,London:A. Bettesworth,1717,pp. 164-165.
[10] George Woodbury,The Great Days of Piracy in the West Indies,New York:W.W. Norton,1951,pp. 32-46.
[11] Edward Ward,A Collection of the Writings of Mr. Edward Ward,Vol. II,fifth ed.,London:A. Bettesworth,1717,pp. 161-162.
[12] Richard S Dunn,Sugar and Slaves:The Rise of the Planter Class in the English West Indies,1624-1713,Chapel Hill,NC:University of North Carolina Press,1972,pp. 164-165.
[13] Richard S Dunn,Sugar and Slaves:The Rise of the Planter Class in the English West Indies,1624-1713,Chapel Hill,NC:University of North Carolina Press,1972,pp. 300-305.
[14] A New History of Jamaica,London:J.Hodges,1740,pp. 217-223;Richard S Dunn,Sugar and Slaves:The Rise of the Planter Class in the English West Indies,1624-1713,Chapel Hill,NC:University of North Carolina Press,1972,pp. 238-246.
[15] Mavis C. Campbell,The Maroons of Jamaica 1655-1796,Granby,MA:Bergin & Gravey Publishers,1988,pp. 49-53.
[16] Wikipedia,“Economic History of Spain,” viewed 5 April 2006.
[17] Ruth Bourne,Queen Anne’s Navy in the West Indies,New Haven:Yale University Press,1939,pp. 59-61.
[18] N.A.M. Rogers,The Wooden World,New York:W.W.Norton,1996,p. 46.
[19] Ruth Bourne,Queen Anne’s Navy in the West Indies,New Haven:Yale University Press,1939,pp. 66,70.
[20] Ruth Bourne,Queen Anne’s Navy in the West Indies,New Haven:Yale University Press,1939,pp. 74-75.
[21] Ruth Bourne,Queen Anne’s Navy in the West Indies,New Haven:Yale University Press,1939,pp. 73-74.
[22] Ruth Bourne,Queen Anne’s Navy in the West Indies,New Haven:Yale University Press,1939,pp. 75-76.
[23] Ruth Bourne,Queen Anne’s Navy in the West Indies