第四部分进一步阅读书目(第2/4页)

第二次世界大战促使战胜国编纂了大量的官方史学论著。最令人印象深刻的是Samuel Morrison的History of U.S.Naval Operations in World War II,15 vols.(Boston,1947~1962)。J.V.Stalin, On the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union(New York,1945)给出了完全不同的观点。较早的综合性分析现在被Gerhand L.Weinberg,A World at Arms:A Global History of World War II(Cambridge,1994)超越了。对于那些被Weinberg那1178页大作吓倒的读者来说,Gordon Wright的富有洞见的 The Ordeal of Total War,1939~1945(New York,1966)也许值得推荐。Albert Speer,Inside the Third Reich(New York,1970)提供了内部人士对纳粹战争努力的叙述;Alan S.Milward,War,Economy and Society,1939~1945(Berkeley,Cal.,1977)是一部内容广阔、学术性强的关于战争动员如何影响参战国的著作。

冷战也产生了大量的史学论著。John L.Gaddis,The Long Peace:Inquiries into the History of the Cold War(New York,1987),是一部很好的入门读物。Walter LaFeber,America,Russia and the Cold War,1945~1992,6th ed.(New York,1991)是一本著名的教材。关于其他方面,见Lawrence S.Kaplan,NATO and the United States:The Enduring Alliance(Boston,1988);Derek W.Unwin,The Community of Europe:A History of European Integration since1945 (New York,1991);Peter R.Odell,Oil and World Power, 8th ed.(New York,1986);R.F.Holland,European Decolonization,1918~1981(New York,1985);Robert Gilpin,The Political Economy of International Relations(Princeton,1987);Werner J.Feld,Nongovernmental Forces and World Politics:A Study of Business,Labor and Political Groups(New York,1972);以及Robert O.Keohane and Joseph S.Nye,Jr.,eds.,Transnational Relations and World Politics(Cambridge,Mass.,1972)。指导美国冷战政策的一些观念最初由George F.Kennan清醒地认识到,并且发表在他优雅的小书 American Diplomacy,1900~1950(Chicago,1951)中。

联合国每年都编辑出版世界人口统计,经常发布一些专题研究,如Consequences of Rapid Population Growth in Developing Countries(New York,1991)。关于独立的学术评估,见D.Gale Johnson and Ronald D.Lee,eds.,Population Growth and Economic Development:Issues and Evidence(Madison,Wisc.,1987)。关于生育率下降,Ansley J.Coale and Susan Cotts Watkins,eds.,The Decline of Fertility in Europe(Princeton,1986)是权威的著作。

关于即时通讯及其社会影响,至今还未出现满意的全球性研究,但是可以参考:Gerald W.Brock,The Telecommunications Industry(Cambridge,Mass.,1981);Daniel J.Czitrom, Media and the American Mind (Chapel Hill,N.C.,1982);和Ernst Braun and Stuart McDonald,Revolution in Miniature:The History and Impact of Semiconductor Electronics,2nd ed.(Cambridge,Mass.,1982)。Richard Critchfield,The Villagers:Changed Values,Altered Lives and the Closing of the Urban-Rural Gap(New York,1994),提供了最近乡村态度变化的一系列最新的和令人信服的个案研究。

西方人常常假定,他们中间发生的事情就是全世界的走向,现代通信使这种假设并没有比过去更少误导。但是对新观念和新技术的反动也是各种各样的,下面提及的著作在某种程度上表明了世界各地的多样性。

非洲。除了上述第二、第三部分进一步阅读书目说明中列举的之外,下列著作值得留意。Paul Bohannan and Philip D.Curtin,Africa and Africans,3rded.(Prospect Heights,Ill.,1988)是一部特别优秀的通史教材;Roland Oliver,The African Experience(New York,1991)简明地归纳了他对非洲历史和社会的毕生研究成果。关于奴隶制,Patrick Manning, Slavery and African Life:Occidental,Oriental and African Slave Trades(Cambridge,1990),是近代非洲最独特的历史统计研究。关于非殖民化的总体研究,试试Prosser Gifford and William Roger Louis,eds.,Decolonization and African Independence:The Transfers of Power,1960~1980(New Haven,Conn.,1988)。关于南非种族关系的心酸描述,Alan Paton的小说Cry the Beloved Country(New York,1948)是最有教益的。关于非洲最终成功地抵制了种族隔离,见Sheridan Johns and R.Hunt Davis,eds.,Mandela,Tambo,and the African National Congress:The Struggle against Apartheid,1948~1990(New York,1991)。

伊斯兰教世界。在第三部分进一步阅读书目说明中“伊斯兰教世界”条目下列举的著作都涉及了更近的时代。Ira M.Lapidus,A History of Islamic Societies(Cambridge,Mass.,1988)是近来对伊斯兰教各国整体进行解释的著作中最具抱负的,但是不能取代Marshall G.S.Hodgson,The Venture of Islam,3 vols.(Chicago,1974)。还可参见Edmund Burke III and Ira M.Lapidus,Islam,Politics and Social Movements(Berkeley,1988);Charles P.Issawi,An Economic History of the Middle East and North Africa(New York,1982);和Elie Kedourie,Politics in the Middle East(Oxford,1992)。